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But I must explain to you how all this mistaken idea of denouncing pleasure and praising pain was born and I will give you a complete account of the system, and expound the actual teachings.

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Find out when networks will phase out 2G/3G

Country Network Service Closure Details
Albania Vodafone - Albania 2G dic-2025
Argentina AMX Argentina 2G dic-2023 2G network closed in 2023
Argentina AMX Argentina 3G dic-2023 3G Network closed in 2023
Argentina Telecom Argentina 3G dic-2023 3G Network closed in 2023
Australia Vodafone Australia 3G dic-2023 3G Network closed in 2023
Australia Vodafone Australia 2G ene-2018 2G network closed in 2018
Australia TPG Telecom 3G dic-2023 3G Network closed in 2023
Australia Telstra 3G jun-2024

Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure

Australia Optus 2G ene-2017 2G network closed in 2017
Australia Optus 3G sep-2024

Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure

Australia Telstra 2G ene-2016 2G network closed in 2016
Austria A1 Telekom Austria 3G dic-2023

Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure. A1 will not support 3G/UMTS from Jan 2024 onwards

Austria T-Mobile Austria 3G dic-2024

Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure

Bahrain Zain Bahrain 3G oct-2024

Closure begun in Jul-22 with no end date disclosed

Bahrain Zain Bahrain 3G dic-2022

3G network closed in 2022

Bahrain Bahrain Telecommunications 2G nov-2021 2G network closed in 2021
Bangladesh Grameenphone Ltd 2G dic-2025

Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure

Bangladesh Grameenphone Ltd 3G dic-2026

Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure

Belgium Telenet 3G sep-2024 Confirmed Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Belgium Telenet 2G dic-2027

Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure

Belgium Orange 3G dic-2025

Confirmed Timeframe for full 3G network closure

Belgium Orange 2G dic-2030 Confirmed Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Belgium Proximus 3G ene-2025 Confirmed Timeframe for 3G network closure. Inbound roaming unavailable from this date
Brazil Sercomtel 2G ene-2016 2G network closed in 2016
Brazil Claro 2G ene-2023

2G network closed in 2023

British Virgin Islands Digicel 2G jul-2021

2G Network closed in 2021

Bulgaria Digicel 3G dic-2025

Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure

Bulgaria Yettel Bulgaria 3G dic-2025

Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure

Cambodia Smart Axiata 3G jun-2022

3G Network closed in 2022

Canada Telus 2G jul-2017

2G Network closed in 2017

Canada SaskTel 2G jul-2017

2G Network closed in 2017

Canada Rogers 3G jul-2025 Estimated date for full 3G network closure
Canada Eastlink 3G dic-2019

3G network closed in 2019

Canada Rogers 2G dic-2021

2G network closed in 2021

Canada Bell Mobility 2G dic-2019 2G network closed in 2019
Canada Eastlink 2G dic-2019 2G network closed in 2019
Chile Claro Chile 3G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Chile Claro Chile 2G dic-2023 2G network closed in 2023
China China Unicom 3G dic-2024 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
China China Unicom 2G sep-2023 2G network closed in 2023 with exception of limited sites
China China Mobile 3G dic-2020 3G network closure in 2020
China China Mobile 2G dic-2025

Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure

Colombia Comunicacion Celular 3G dic-2025

Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure

Colombia Comunicacion Celular Comcel 2G dic-2023

2G Network closed in 2023

Colombia Colombia Movil 2G oct-2022

2G Network closed in 2022

Costa Rica ICE 2G jul-2024

Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure

Costa Rica Claro CR Telecomunicaciones 2G dic-2023

Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure

Costa Rica Claro CR Telecomunicaciones 2G dic-2023

2G network closed in 2023

Croatia Hrvatski Telekom 3G ene-2025

Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure

Cyprus Cyta (Vodafone) 3G dic-2025

Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure

Czech Republic Vodafone Czech Republic a.s. 2G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
Czech Republic Vodafone Czech Republic 3G dic-2021

3G Network closed in 2021

Czech Republic T-Mobile Czech Republic 3G dic-2021

3G Network closed in 2021

Czech Republic T-Mobile Czech Republic 2G dic-2025

Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure

Czech Republic O2 Czech Republic 3G dic-2021

3G Network closed in 2021

Denmark Telia 2G dic-2025

Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure

Denmark Telia 3G dic-2025

Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure

Denmark Three 3G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Denmark Telenor 3G abr-2023

3G Network closed in 2023

Denmark Telenor 2G dic-2027

Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure

Denmark TDC 2G dic-2029

Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure

Denmark TDC 3G may-2023

3G Network closed in 2023

Denmark Nuuday 3G jun-2023

3G Network closed in 2023

Denmark 3 Denmark 3G dic-2025

3G Network closed in 2025

Dominican Republic Compañia Dominicana de Teléfonos 2G dic-2023

2G Network closed in 2023

Ecuador Conecel 2G dic-2023

2G Network closed in 2023

Estonia Elisa Eesti 3G oct-2024

No commited date

Estonia Tele2 Eesti Aktsiaseits 3G dic-2026

Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure

Estonia Telia Eesti 2G dic-2025

Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure

Estonia Telia Eesti 3G dic-2023

 3G Network closed in 2023

Finland DNA 2G dic-2025

Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure

Finland DNA 3G ene-2024

Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure

Finland Elisa 3G dic-2023

3G Network closed in 2023

Finland Telia Finland 3G dic-2023 3G Network closed in 2023
Finland Telia Finland 2G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
Finland Ålands Telekommunikation 2G dic-2022 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
France Orange France 2G dic-2025 Confirmed Timeframe for full 3G network closure
France SFR 2G dic-2026 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
France SFR 3G dic-2028 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
France Orange France 3G dic-2028 Confirmed Timeframe for full 3G network closure
France Bouygues Télécom 2G dic-2026 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
France Bouygues Télécom 3G dic-2029 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Germany Deutsche Telekom 2G ene-2028 2G Network closure in summer 2028
Germany Deutsche Telekom 3G ene-2021

3G Network closure in 2021

Germany Telefonica Germany 2G oct-2024 No plans announced for 2G network closure
Germany Telefonica Germany 3G ene-2021  3G Network closure in 2021
Germany Vodafone 2G ene-2030  Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
Germany Vodafone 3G ene-2021 3G Network closure in 2021
Greece Vodafone-Panafon Hellenic 3G may-2023  3G Network closed in 2023
Greece Cosmote Mobile Telecommunications 3G feb-2022 3G Network closed in 2022
Greece Nova (Wind) 2G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
Greece Nova (Wind) 3G dic-2023 3G Network closed in 2023
Greece Vodafone-Panafon Hellenic 2G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
Greenland Tusass (Tele Greenland) 2G dic-2026 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
Greenland Tusass (Tele Greenland) 3G dic-2029 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Guam DOCOMO Pacific 3G nov-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Hong Kong China Mobile 2G dic-2020  2G network closed in 2019
Hong Kong Hutchison Telecommunications Hong Kong 2G sep-2021

2G network closed in 2021

Hong Kong SmarTone Mobile Communications 2G oct-2022

 2G Services withdrawn in Oct 2022

Hong Kong Hong Kong Telecommunications (HKT) 2G sep-2021

2G network closed in 2021

Hungary Yettel Hungary 2G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
Hungary Yettel Hungary 3G nov-2025 3G Network closed in 2023
Hungary Vodafone Hungary 3G jun-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Hungary Magyar Telekom 3G jul-2025 3G Network closed in 2022
Hungary Vodafone Hungary 2G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
Iceland Sýn hf. (Vodafone) 3G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Iceland Siminn h.f. 3G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Iceland Sýn hf. (Vodafone) 2G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
Iceland Nova 3G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure (no 2G network exists)
Iceland Siminn h.f. 2G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
India BSNL 3G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
India Vodafone 3G abr-2025 3G Network closed in 2022
India Bharti Airtel Limited 2G oct-2024 No plans announced for 2G network closure
India Bharti Airtel Limited 3G dic-2025 3G Network closed in 2020
India Bharat Sanchar Nigam 3G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Indonesia XL Axiata 3G mar-2025 3G Network closed in 2022
Indonesia XL Axiata 2G mar-2025 2G Network closed in 2022
Indonesia PT Telekomsel 3G may-2025 3G Network closed in 2023
Indonesia PT Hutchinson 3 Indonesia 3G dic-2025 3G Network closed in 2022
Ireland Vodafone Ireland 2G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
Ireland Vodafone Ireland 3G abr-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Ireland Three 3G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Ireland Three 2G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
Israel Cellcom Israel 2G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
Israel Cellcom Israel 3G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Israel Partner Communications 2G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
Israel Partner Communications 3G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Israel Pelephone Communication 3G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Italy Telecom Italia 2G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
Italy Vodafone Italia 3G feb-2025 3G Network closed in 2021
Italy Telecom Italia 3G oct-2025 3G Network closed in 2022
Italy Vodafone Italia 2G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
Jamaica Cable & Wireless Jamaica (Flow) 2G dic-2025 2G Services closed in 2022
Jamaica Digicel 2G jun-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
Jamaica Digicel 3G mar-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Japan SoftBank 3G may-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Japan NTT DOCOMO 3G mar-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Japan SoftBank 2G dic-2025 2G Network closed in 2011
Japan NTT DOCOMO 2G dic-2025 2G Network closed in 2011
Japan KDDI 3G mar-2025 CDMA 3G Network closed in 2022
Jordan Umniah 2G dic-2025 2G Network closed in 2021
Kuwait Oordeoo 2G dic-2025 2G Network closed in 2023
Kuwait Oordeoo 3G jun-2025 3G Network closed in 2023
Latvia Tele2 SIA 3G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Latvia Latvijas Mobilais Telefons 3G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Liechtenstein Swisscom Ltd 2G ene-2025 2G Services withdrawn in 2021
Liechtenstein Swisscom Ltd 3G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Lithuania UAB Tele2 3G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Lithuania Telia Lietuva 3G dic-2025 3G Network closed in 2022
Lithuania Bite Lithuania 3G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Lithuania Telia Lietuva 2G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
Lithuania Bite Lithuania 2G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
Luxembourg POST Luxembourg 3G oct-2025 3G Network closed in 2022
Luxembourg POST Luxembourg 2G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
Luxembourg Orange 3G dic-2025 Confirmed Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Luxembourg Orange 2G dic-2025 Confirmed Timeframe for full 2G network closure
Malaysia U Mobile 3G dic-2025 3G Network closed in 2021
Malaysia Maxis Broadband 3G dic-2025 3G Network closed in 2021
Malaysia Digi Telecommunications 3G dic-2025 3G Network closed in 2021
Malaysia Celcom Axiata Berhad 3G dic-2025 3G Network closed in 2021
Malaysia Digi Telecommunications 2G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
Malta Vodafone Malta 2G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
Mexico Telcel Mexico 2G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
Mexico Telcel Mexico 3G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Mexico Movistar Mexico (Telefonica) 2G dic-2025 2G Network closed in 2021
Mexico AT&T Comercializacion Movil 2G sep-2025 2G network closed in 2019
Myanmar Telenor Myanmar 2G dic-2025 2G switch off estimated by end 2024
Myanmar Telenor Myanmar 3G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Nepal Nepal Telecom (NTC) 3G dic-2025 3G Network closed in 2021
Netherlands Vodafone 3G feb-2025 3G Network closed in 2020
Netherlands Vodafone 2G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
Netherlands Odido (T-Mobile) 3G oct-2024 No plans announced for 3G network closure
Netherlands T-Mobile 2G jun-2025 2G Network closed in 2023
Netherlands KPN 3G abr-2025 3G network closed in 2022
Netherlands KPN 2G dic-2027 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
Netherlands Antilles Telcell N.V. 2G ene-2025 2G Network closed in 2019
Netherlands Antilles Cable & Wireless - UTS (Flow) 2G ene-2025 2G Network closed in 2019
New Caledonia Office des Postes et Telecommunications 3G ene-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
New Zealand Vodafone New Zealand 3G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
New Zealand 2 degrees New Zealand (NZLNH) 3G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
New Zealand Vodafone New Zealand 2G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
New Zealand 2 degrees New Zealand (NZLNH) 2G mar-2025 2G Network closed in 2018
New Zealand One New Zealand 3G mar-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
New Zealand One New Zealand 2G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
Nicaragua Empresa Nicaraguense de Telecomunicaciones 2G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
Norway Telia Norge 3G nov-2025 3G Network closed in 2021
Norway Telenor Norge AS 2G ene-2025 Estimated Timeframe for 2G network phase out
Norway Telenor Norge AS 3G dic-2025 3G Network closure in 2021
Norway Telia Norge 2G ene-2025 Estimated Timeframe for 2G network phase out
Pakistan Telenor Pakistan 3G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Pakistan Telenor Pakistan 2G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
Pakistan Mobilink 3G dic-2025 3G Network closed in 2020
Pakistan Mobilink 2G dic-2025 2G Network closed in 2020
Panama Digicel Panama 2G dic-2025 2G Network closed in 2020
Panama Claro Panamá 3G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Panama Claro Panamá 2G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
Paraguay AMX Paraguay 2G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
Peru América Móvil Perú 2G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
Philippines Smart Communications 3G ene-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Poland T-Mobile Polska 3G abr-2025 3G Network closed in 2023
Poland T-Mobile Polska 2G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
Poland Orange 3G dic-2025 Confirmed Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Poland Orange 2G dic-2025 Confirmed Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Portugal Vodafone Portugal 3G jun-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Portugal Vodafone Portugal 2G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
Puerto Rico T-Mobile Puerto Rico 3G jul-2025 3G network closed in 2022
Puerto Rico Puerto Rico Telephone Company 3G dic-2025 3G Network closed in 2023
Puerto Rico Puerto Rico Telephone Company 2G mar-2025 2G network closed in 2022
Puerto Rico Liberty Mobile Puerto Rico 3G feb-2025 3G network closed in 2022
Puerto Rico AT&T Mobility Puerto Rico 2G ene-2025 2G network closed in 2022
Puerto Rico AT&T Mobility Puerto Rico 3G feb-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Romania Vodafone Romania 3G dic-2025 3G Network closed in 2023
Romania Telekom Romania 3G jul-2025 3G network closed in 2022
Romania Vodafone Romania 2G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
Romania Telekom Romania 2G ene-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Romania Orange 3G dic-2025 Confirmed Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Romania Orange 2G dic-2025 Confirmed Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Saudi Arabi Saudi Telecom Company (STC) 3G dic-2025 3G Network closed in 2022
Saudi Arabi Zain Saudi Arabia 2G dic-2025 2G Network closed in 2022
Saudi Arabi Mobility (Etihad Etisalat) 2G dic-2025 2G Network closed in 2022
Saudi Arabi Saudi Telecom Company (STC) 2G dic-2025 2G Network closed in 2022
Singapore StarHub 2G ene-2025 2G network closed in 2017
Singapore StarHub 3G nov-2025 3G network closure commences
Singapore Singtel 2G ene-2025 2G network closed in 2017
Singapore Singtel 3G nov-2025 3G network closure commences
Singapore M1 2G ene-2025 2G network closed in 2017
Singapore M1 3G ago-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Slovakia Slovak Telekom 3G nov-2025 3G Network closed in 2023
Slovakia Orange 2G dic-2025 3G network closed in 2022
Slovakia Orange 3G dic-2025 Confirmed Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Slovakia O2 Slovakia 3G ene-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Slovenia A1 Slovenija 3G jun-2025 3G Network closed in 2023
Slovenia A1 Slovenija 2G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
South Africa Vodafone 2G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
South Africa Mobile Telephone Networks 2G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
South Africa Telkom South Africa 3G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
South Africa Telkom South Africa 2G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
South Africa Mobile Telephone Networks 3G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
South Africa Cell C 3G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
South Africa Cell C 2G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
South Korea Korea Telecom 2G dic-2025 2G Network closed in 2012
South Korea SK Telecom 2G dic-2025 2G Network closed in 2020
Spain Vodafone 2G ene-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
Spain Vodafone 3G oct-2025 3G Network closed in 2023
Spain Orange 3G dic-2025 Confirmed Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Spain Telefonica 3G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Spain Orange 2G dic-2025 Confirmed Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Spain Movistar (Telefonica Spain) 3G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Spain Movistar (Telefonica Spain) 2G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
Sri Lanka Dialog Axiata 3G nov-2025 3G network closed in 2023
Sweden Telia 3G dic-2025 3G Network closed in 2023
Sweden Telenor Sverige 2G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
Sweden Telenor Sverige 3G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Sweden Telia 2G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
Sweden Tele2 3G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Sweden 3 Sweden 3G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
Sweden Tele2 2G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
Switzerland Swisscom Ltd 2G dic-2025 2G network closed in 2020
Switzerland Swisscom Ltd 3G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Switzerland Sunrise Communications AG 3G jun-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Switzerland Sunrise Communications AG 2G dic-2025 2G Network closed in 2023
Switzerland Salt Mobile 2G dic-2025 2G network closed in 2020
Taiwan Taiwan Mobile 3G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Taiwan Far EasTone Telecommunications Co Ltd 2G jun-2025 2G network closed in 2017
Taiwan Taiwan Mobile 2G jun-2025 2G network closed in 2017
Taiwan Chunghwa Telecom 3G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Taiwan Chunghwa Telecom 2G jun-2025 2G network closed in 2017
Taiwan, Province of China Far EasTone Telecommunications Co Ltd 3G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Thailand DTAC (TriNet) 3G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Thailand CAT Telecom 2G oct-2025 2G network closed in 2019
Trinidad & Tobago Digicel 3G mar-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Trinidad & Tobago Digicel 2G mar-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 2G network closure
UAE Emirates Telecom 2G dic-2025 2G Network closed in 2023
UAE Emirates Integrated Telecommunications 2G dic-2025 2G Network closed in 2023
United Kingdom Vodafone CSD oct-2024 Legacy technology - no longer supported
United Kingdom Vodafone 3G mar-2025 3G Network closed in 2024
United Kingdom Vodafone 2G dic-2033 Vodafone 2G network closure before 2033
United Kingdom Virgin Media O2 CSD oct-2024 Full closure will occur end 2025 (latest); but close down in progress and service is not guaranteed. Support is best-efforts.
United Kingdom Virgin Media O2 3G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
United Kingdom Virgin Media O2 2G dic-2033 O2 2G network closure before 2033
United Kingdom Three 3G dic-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure with work commencing in some regions in early 2023
United Kingdom EE 3G mar-2025 3G Network closed in 2024
United Kingdom EE 2G dic-2033 EE 2G network closure before 2033
United States Verizon 3G dic-2025 3G Network closed in 2022
United States Verizon 2G dic-2025 Shut down its 2G CDMA network at end 2020
United States T-Mobile 3G jul-2025 3G Network closed in 2022
United States T-Mobile 2G oct-2024 Planned Closure
United States Sprint 3G jul-2025 3G Network closed in 2022
United States Sprint 2G ene-2025 CDMA 2G Network closed in 2022
United States AT&T 2G ene-2025 2G network closed in 2017
United States AT&T 3G feb-2025 3G Network closed in 2022
Uruguay AM Wireless Uruguay 2G dic-2025 2G Network closed in 2023
Vietnam Viettel 3G jun-2025 3G Network closed in 2022
Vietnam Viettel 3G jun-2025 Estimated Timeframe for full 3G network closure
Vietnam VNPT 2G mar-2025 2G Network closed in 2022
Vietnam Vietnamobile 2G mar-2025 2G Network closed in 2022
Vietnam Viettel 2G mar-2025 2G Network closed in 2022
Vietnam Mobifone 2G mar-2025 2G Network closed in 2022
Vietnam GTEL Mobile 2G ene-2025 2G Network closed in 2022
Cat-1_3200v3-scaled
Glosario IoT

¿Qué es CAT-1?

LTE Categoría 1 (CAT-1) es un estándar de comunicación inalámbrica de velocidad media, diseñado específicamente para aplicaciones del Internet de las Cosas (IoT) y de Máquina a Máquina (M2M).

LTE Categoría 1 (CAT-1) es un estándar de comunicación inalámbrica de velocidad media diseñado específicamente para aplicaciones del Internet de las cosas (IoT) y de máquina a máquina (M2M).

Descubra cómo CAT-1 encaja en el espectro de opciones de conectividad IoT y cómo soporta una amplia variedad de aplicaciones IoT.

¿Qué es CAT-1?

Long Term Evolution (LTE) es un estándar de conectividad de cuarta generación (4G). Con el tiempo, ha dado lugar a una serie de variantes de redes de área amplia de baja potencia (LPWAN) que están diseñadas para soportar proyectos de IoT industriales, comerciales y de consumo.

El estándar LTE de categoría 1 (LTE CAT-1) se introdujo por primera vez en 2008, lo que la convierte en la primera variante de LTE específica para el IoT. La versión de antena única, CAT-1 BIS, se introdujo en 2016.

Las principales características de CAT-1 son las siguientes:

Velocidad de datos

CAT-1 ofrece velocidades máximas de 10 megabytes por segundo (Mb/s) para tráfico descendente y 5Mb/s en el tráfico ascendente. Esto lo hace adecuado para una amplia gama de aplicaciones M2M e IoT con muchas funciones, incluidas las que requieren transmisión de vídeo. CAT-1 también es compatible con Voz sobre LTE (VoLTE), lo que la hace idónea para usos como el control de accesos remoto y aplicaciones de socorro o eHealth, donde se puede necesitar soporte de voz. (Véase a continuación una lista de casos de uso).

Cat-1_Pic1v4-1
Cat-1_Pic2v3

Latencia

El estándar CAT-1 tiene una latencia de entre 50 y 100 milisegundos. Esto se compara favorablemente con los estándares LTE IoT de menor potencia, como Cat M1 y NB-IoT, donde la latencia puede ser de hasta unos segundos. Esto mejora la experiencia del usuario en funciones como la transmisión de datos, la monitorización remota y la vigilancia.

Consumo de energía

CAT-1 admite los modos de inactividad y de reposo, maximizando la eficiencia energética. Esto ayuda a prolongar la vida de la batería y la longevidad del dispositivo. Especialmente útil para los dispositivos industriales instalados en lugares de difícil acceso, favoreciendo un mantenimiento menos frecuente y un menor coste de propiedad.

CAT-1 vs CAT 4

CAT-1 es un estándar LTE de velocidad media, más adecuado para dispositivos que necesitan transmitir o recibir un volumen moderado de datos.

CAT 4 tiene una velocidad máxima de descarga de 150 Mb/s (15 veces más que CAT-1), y una velocidad de subida de 50 Mb/s (10 veces más que CAT-1). Esto hace que una red CAT 4 sea una opción adecuada para aplicaciones IoT complejas que implican un consumo de datos mucho mayor.

Las aplicaciones que utilizan CAT 4 suelen tener un mayor consumo de datos y los costes de la red tienden a ser más elevados que los de las aplicaciones basadas en CAT-1. El consumo de la batería del dispositivo también tiende a ser mayor. Los dispositivos CAT 4 requieren múltiples antenas. En cambio, CAT-1 BIS (una variante de CAT-1 introducida recientemente) permite a los dispositivos adoptar diseños de una sola antena sin sacrificar la capacidad de red. Esto supone un menor coste de producción de los dispositivos.

Algunos ejemplos de usos de CAT 4 son la videovigilancia de alta definición, los sistemas de información y entretenimiento, los puntos de acceso a Internet y las aplicaciones de conducción autónoma.

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CAT-1 vs CAT-1-BIS

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Cuando llegó el CAT-1, para cumplir las stándares de rendimiento de datos, los módulos celulares incorporados a los dispositivos IoT necesitaban dos antenas para la recepción del enlace descendente.

Un nuevo estándar, CAT-1 BIS, permite esencialmente que los dispositivos CAT-1 funcionen con un diseño de una sola antena. Esto significa que se obtiene el mismo nivel de rendimiento que el CAT-1 normal en términos de velocidad de datos y eficiencia energética, pero la eliminación de una antena ofrece la oportunidad de reducir las dimensiones totales del dispositivo y eliminar el coste.

Por lo tanto, CAT-1 BIS es una buena opción para las aplicaciones de IoT con requisitos de tamaño estrictos (wearables, monitorización sanitaria y diagnóstico de maquinaria de precisión, por ejemplo). Un factor de forma más pequeño también puede significar menores costes de producción de los dispositivos.

¿Cuáles son las ventajas de CAT-1?

Equilibrio entre coste y rendimiento

Para las aplicaciones de IoT con demandas de datos de velocidad media, CAT-1 logra un atractivo equilibrio entre asequibilidad y rendimiento. Los costes de hardware son inferiores a los de CAT 4. Aunque los costes de hardware son más elevados que los de LTE-M y NB-IoT, esto se compensa con el acceso a un volumen significativamente mayor de redes 4G y el roaming. El coste total de propiedad de CAT-1 BIS bien podría ser menor en general.

El caudal de datos es suficiente para soportar una amplia variedad de casos de uso, incluidas aquellas aplicaciones en las que se requieren características como la conectividad sobre la marcha y el soporte de voz.

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¿Cuáles son las desventajas de CAT-1?

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Cuando los dispositivos necesitan transferir habitualmente grandes cantidades de datos hacia o desde una red, el CAT-1 suele ser una buena opción. Sin embargo, cuando no existe esta necesidad, CAT-1 puede representar una sobrecarga. Para ciertas aplicaciones que sólo se despliegan en regiones limitadas (ciudades inteligentes, medición inteligente, sanidad) o en las que sólo se transmiten periódicamente pequeños volúmenes de datos, una red de ultrabaja potencia puede ser una opción mejor y más rentable. Entre las opciones alternativas adecuadas para las aplicaciones básicas de pocos datos se encuentran Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) y LTE-M (también conocida como CAT M1).

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Industria 4.0

El caudal de datos relativamente alto y la baja latencia de CAT-1 lo convierten en una opción popular para los sistemas de supervisión de procesos en tiempo real y de control remoto de maquinaria, especialmente cuando es necesario transmitir un flujo constante de datos.

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Retail

Para aplicaciones como cajeros automáticos, máquinas expendedoras y PDAs, la baja latencia de LTE CAT-1 permite verificar rápidamente los datos de pago de los clientes. El bajo consumo de energía también lo convierte en una opción popular para usos como quioscos y máquinas expendedoras.

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Transporte

LTE CAT-1 se despliega habitualmente en soluciones de cámaras en el vehículo. También es útil para los sensores de diagnóstico del vehículo, así como para los sensores que supervisan el estado de los activos en tránsito.

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Seguridad

El alto rendimiento de los datos significa que el CAT-1 es capaz de transmitir secuencias de vídeo de alta calidad. Esto es útil tanto para los sistemas de vigilancia municipales como para el tipo de soluciones de seguridad doméstica privada que permiten la supervisión remota del hogar.

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Salud

CAT-1 es compatible con VoLTE, lo que la convierte en una opción de conectividad muy popular para las aplicaciones sanitarias conectadas. Esto incluye la monitorización de pacientes en remoto y los sistemas de alerta médica portátiles, lo que permite a los usuarios ponerse en contacto por voz con un centro de control en caso de emergencia.

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